mTORC1 signaling specifically promotes proliferation of hair follicle stem cells during the telogen-to-anagen transition / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective@#To identify the time window during which the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway plays a key role in telogen-to-anagen transition of hair follicles, and to explore whether the pathway specifically promotes the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) .@*Methods@#Totally, 36 newborn ICR mice were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups: RAPA-P19 group intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 sirolimus on days 19-24 after birth, RAPA-P21 group intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 sirolimus on days 21-24 after birth, and control group intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of solvent on days 19-24 after birth. Four mice were sacrificed in each group on days 22, 23 and 24 separately. Skin tissues were resected from the back, and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the skin tissues were performed followed by observation of hair follicle morphology to evaluate whether murine hair follicles progressed into the anagen phase on day 24. Immunofluorescence costaining was conducted to determine the expression and localization of mTORC1 downstream molecular marker pS6 and cell proliferation marker Ki67 on days 22 and 23.@*Results@#On day 24, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed anagen hair follicles in the control group and RAPA-P21 group, but telogen hair follicles in the RAPA-P19 group. On days 22 and 23, immunofluorescence costaining revealed positive staining for both pS6 and Ki67 in HFSCs in the control group, negative staining for both pS6 and Ki67 in the RAPA-P19 group, negative staining for pS6 and positive staining for Ki67 in the RAPA-P21 group. On day 23, epidermal cells and sebaceous gland cells in the upper hair follicle bulge were stained positively for Ki67 in all the 3 groups.@*Conclusion@#mTORC1 signaling specifically promotes the proliferation of HFSCs during telogen-to-anagen transition, but not affects proliferation of other cells in hair follicles.

Expression pattern of mTOR subunits Raptor and Rictor in mouse hair follicle cycle / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To detemine the expression pattern of mTOR complex subunits Raptor and Rictor in the hair follicles of mice at different hair follicle stages, and to explore its significance. 
 Methods: Immunostaining of Ki-67, a proliferative marker, was used to determine the precise hair follicle stages of mouse dorsal skin at different postnatal time points. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Raptor and Rictor in mouse dorsal skin at 43 days after birth (P43, early telogen), 56 days after birth (P56, mid-telogen), 69 days after birth (P69, late telogen) and 74 days after birth (P74, early anagen). The expression intensity and localization of Raptor and Rictor at different stages of hair cycle were tested by co-immumostaining.
 Results: Ki-67 immunostaining showed that the time points (P43, P56, P69, P74) and hair follicle stages (early telogen, mid-telogen, late telogen, early anagen) of the dorsal skin were consistent with each other. The results of real-time PCR and immunostaining were consistent, showing that the expression of Raptor and Rictor did not changed in the early-, mid-, late telogen, and early anagen. However, Raptor was specifically expressed in the bulge where hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are residing in, and Rictor was mainly detected in inner root sheath (IRS) cells. 
 Conclusion: The expression of Raptor and Rictor does not altered in the hair follicles at different hair follicle stages, but Raptor and Rictor are specifically expressed in the HFSCs and IRS cells, respectively, indicating that Raptor might be a molecular marker for HFSCs, and Rictor might be involved in the maintenance of IRS and formation of hair shaft.

Effects of Cigu Xiaozhi Pills on Lipotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rats with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the effects of Cigu Xiaozhi Pills on lipotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); To discuss relevant mechanism of action. Methods SD rats were divided into six groups randomly:normal control group,model group,positive medicine group,Cigu Xiaozhi Pills high-,medium-, and low-dose groups. NASH model was established by feeding rats with high fat diet for 12 weeks. At the same time, the model rats were given medicine intervention. At the end of 12 weeks, all the experimental animals were killed and the liver and serum were taken. Serum samples were taken for detection of ALT, AST, TG, TC, T-SOD, LDL-C, MDA, GSH-Px and FFA. Liver tissues were taken for detection of T-SOD, MDA, GSH-Px and FFA. The liver histopathological changes were observed under microscope with HE staining. The ultrastructure of liver cells was observed by transmission electron microscope. The fatty degeneration of liver cells was observed by oil red O staining. Results Liver histopathological examination showed that the liver tissue of model group showed moderate to severe steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with normal control group, rat liver wet weight, liver index, ALT, AST, TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA and FFA in serum, and FFA and MDA in liver homogenate in model group significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while T-SOD and GSH-Px activity in serum and liver homogenate significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with model group, Cigu Xiaozhi Pills high-dose group could significantly decrease the elevation of serum ALT, AST, TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA and FFA (P<0.05, P<0.01), but increase T-SOD and GSH-Px activity in serum and liver tissue (P<0.01). The pathological section showed that:compared with model group, the hepatic lobule vacuolar degeneration and fatty degeneration were significantly reduced in Cigu Xiaozhi Pills high-, medium- and low-dose groups, and the inflammatory cell infiltration was improved. Conclusion Cigu Xiaozhi Pills can obviously improve liver function and blood lipid of NASH rat model induced by high-fat diet, enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce lipid peroxidation and achieve the purpose of prevention and treatment of NASH.

Research on Leweiyin Intervening SP and VIP of Rats with Functional Dyspepsia / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To disclose the mechanism of Leweiyin treating functional dyspepsia(FD) through experimental research. [Methods]Wistar rats are randomly divided into 7 groups: normal control, natural recovery, Madinlin, Shenling Baizhu pill, low dosage of Leweiyin, mediate dosage of Leweiyin, high dosage of Leweiyin, 6 in each group. Respectively administer to them with distilled water, Madinlin, Shenling Baizhu pill liquid, low, mediate and high dosage of Leweiyin at 2ml/100g, once every day, successively administer for 14 days one day after self model-making. Observe the gastric mucosa,measure gastro-intestinal hormones SP and VIP. [Results] Leweiyin can effectively increase SP and decrease VIP in experimental rats gastric antrum. [Conclusion] Leweiyin can increase gastro-intestinal tract excitement, regulate the contractility of gastro-intestinal smooth muscle, which may be the main mechanism for Leweiyin to treat FD.

Research on Relativity between NO and Functional Dyspepsia / 浙江中医药大学学报

NO is a new kind of cell messenger and efficacy molecule,exerting key function in functional dyspepsia.It reviews the relativity developments between NO and functional dyspepsia.

Molecular authentication of Dendrobium chrysanthum from its allied species of Dendrobium / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To define molecular characters to distinguish D. chrysanthum from its allied species D. primulinum, D. lituiflorum, D. aphyllum, D. crepidatum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The molecular characteristics of D. chrysanthum and its allied species were compared. The sequences of rDNA ITS regions were exploited to explore the evidence for authentication D. chrysanthum and its allied species.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Although the morphological difference was slight, the sequence difference of ITS regions among five rDNAs was obvious and stable. Fifteen sites of ITS region were defined as DNA character to identify D. chrysanthum from the other four allied species.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The difference of rDNA ITS sequences can be used to authenticate accurately D. chrysanthum from three allied species of Dendrobium.</p>

Database establishment of the whole rDNA ITS region of Dendrobium species of "fengdou" and authentication by analysis of their sequences / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish the whole rDNA ITS region sequence database of various Dendrobium species of "Fengdou" and to authenticate exactly the inspected species of "Fengdou".</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rDNA ITS regions of various Dendrobium species of "Fengdou" were amplified and sequenced. The database of their rDNA ITS regions was established in order to authenticate the inspected species by means of the softwares of CLUSTRAL and MEGA which were used to analyze the rDNA ITS region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A database of the rDNA ITS sequences of 21 species of Dendrobium has been established. The notable and stable differences of the interspecies of the rDNA ITS regions have been demonstrated. The numbers of transitions and transversions among 21 species are 11-122. The variable sites are 341 while the informative sites are 195. The ITS sequence differences between the outgroup species (Pholidota yunnanensis) and species of "Fengdou" are obvious. The numbers of transitions and transversions are 131-161. The population differences of the rDNA ITS region of various species of "Fengdou" are very small (0-6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>On the basis of the database of various Dendrobium species of "Fengdou" and two genetics software, the botanical origin of the inspected species of "Fengdou" has been authenticated successfully by sequencing the rDNA ITS regions.</p>